The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota varied over the investigated stages of A. In this study, the gut microbiota at different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adults) of the honeybees Apis cerana in Hanoi, Vietnam, was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 region in the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. Therefore, a thorough understanding of gut bacteria composition can lead to the development of probiotics specific for each development stage of honeybees. Increasing evidence shows that the gut microbiome greatly influences the host’s health. Honeybees play a vital role in the ecological environment and agricultural economy. Our findings provide an important rationale for protecting honeybees from pollutants from the perspective of gut microbes. These results suggest that gut bacteria may protect against DM stress by improving host immunity. Interestingly, we found that the immunity-genes Defensin-2 and Toll were significantly upregulated in bees after the colonization of gut bacteria.
Importantly, in studies of GF-bees, we found that the colonization of important gut bacteria such as Gilliamella apicola and Lactobacillus kunkeei significantly increased bee resistance to DM (survival rate increased from 16.7 to 66.7%). In addition, metagenomic sequencing further revealed that DM exposure significantly reduced the diversity of the bee gut microbiota (Chao1, p < 0.0001 Shannon, p < 0.0001 Simpson, p < 0.0001) and decreased the relative abundance of core species of the gut microbiota. In this study, we found that deltamethrin exposure significantly reduced bee survival in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.025). However, the use of pesticides has posed a substantial threat to bees in recent years, with the more widely used deltamethrin being the most harmful. So the point is in quadrant I.Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are important economic insects and play important roles in pollination and maintenance of ecological balance. the ordinate is 5 and the abscissa is 3.the abscissa is -5 and the ordinate is 3.the abscissa is -5 and the ordinate is -3.the ordinate is 5 and the abscissa is -3.Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they are located, if Clearly, point (3, 5) is in 1st quadrant.Clearly, point (5, 3) is in 2nd quadrant.the point (5, - 3) is in the 3rd quadrant.Clearly, point (3, 5) is in the 2nd quadrant.Read More: Section Formula in Coordinate Geometry the ordinate is 5 and the abscissa is 3 (3 Marks).the abscissa and - 5 and the ordinate is 3.the abscissa is 5 and the ordinate is - 3.the ordinate is 5 and the abscissa is - 3.Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they are located, if: whose ordinate is -4 and lies on the y-axis. whose abscissa is 5 and lies on the x-axis. (abscissa of P) – (abscissa of Q) will be 1.
If the coordinates of two points are P (-2, 3) and Q (-3, 5), then find (abscissa of P) – (abscissa of Q). Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they will lie, if (i.) Ordinate is -3 and abscissa is -2 (ii.) Abscissa is 5 and ordinate is -6. The Abscissa is -3 and the ordinate is -4. Write abscissa and ordinate of point (-3,-4). The abscissa and ordinate of the point with coordinates (8,12) is Write the ordinate value of all points on the x-axis.
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